uscular dystrophy
The symptoms of muscular dystrophy (MD) and their severity will vary from person to person. They will depend on:
* the type of MD that you have, and
* when your symptoms first appeared.
Some of the more common symptoms for some types of MD are explained below. See the useful links section for more information about these and other types of MD.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Your child will first start to show signs of Duchenne MD between 1-3 years of age. The muscles around the pelvis and thighs tend to be affected first. They often appear bulkier than normal even though there is progressive weakening. Your child may:
* have difficulty walking,
* have difficulty standing up,
* be unable to climb the stairs without support, and
* have learning, or behavioural, difficulties.
Children with Duchenne MD may need a wheelchair by 10 years of age. They can also develop scoliosis, which is where their spine begins to curve sideways. This can lead to one shoulder, or one hip, being higher than the other.
By the mid-teens, some people with Duchenne MD will develop dilated cardiomyopathy. This is where the condition affects your heart muscles, causing the chambers of the heart to become enlarged and the heart walls to become thinner.
By late teens, or early twenties, Duchenne MD can begin to cause respiratory (breathing) problems. The condition can affect your intercostal muscles (the muscle tissue between your ribs) and your diaphragm (the main muscle between the chest and the abdomen that you use during breathing).
Once the heart and respiratory muscles are damaged, Duchenne MD becomes life-threatening. In most cases, someone with Duchenne MD will die from cardiac or respiratory failure before they are 30 years of age.
Becker muscular dystrophy
The symptoms of Becker MD are similar to those of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, they are milder and do not usually appear until a person is 10 or 11 years of age, or older. If your child has Becker MD, they may:
* be late learning to walk,
* have muscle cramps when exercising (a painful spasm in the muscle), and
* struggle with sport at school.
In their teenage years, and throughout their twenties, people with Becker MD may have difficulty running, walking quickly, and climbing stairs. As they get older, they may find it difficult to lift objects above waist height and, by around 40 or 50 years of age, they may need to use a wheelchair.
If you have Becker MD, you are also at risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy and respiratory problems. However, Becker MD progresses at a slower rate than Duchenne MD, and those with the condition usually live a normal lifespan.
Myotonic muscular dystrophy
As with other types of muscular dystrophy, myotonic MD involves progressive muscle weakness and wasting. However, it is the smaller muscles, such as those in your face, jaw, neck, and hands that are affected, rather than the larger muscle groups in the legs.
Symptoms can include:
* myotonia (muscle stiffness),
* cataracts (cloudy patches in the lens inside your eye),
* hormonal problems,
* hypersomnolence (excessive sleeping or sleepiness), and
* behavioural problems in children.
Myotonic MD can also cause cardiac conduction abnormalities. Your cardiac conduction system generates the electrical impulses that stimulate your heart to pump. Abnormalities can cause slow and irregular heart beats (cardiac arrhythmia). Serious problems can develop in about 60-70 per cent of people who have these abnormalities. In some cases, it can cause sudden death.
Myotonic MD can appear at any time from between birth to old age, and it affects both males and females equally. The rate of deterioration is often very slow, with little change over a long period of time. You may never experience significant disability, although your heart rate will need to be monitored for abnormalities.
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
The symptoms of limb-girdle MD often begin during late childhood or early adulthood. There are about 15 different varieties that affect both sexes equally.
Limb-girdle MD causes weakness in the big muscle groups in your arms and legs. It usually starts with the hip girdle and progresses to the shoulder girdle (‘girdle’ means the bones that encircle this area).
If you have limb-girdle MD, you may experience:
* muscle weakness in your hips, thighs, and arms,
* loss of muscle mass in the affected areas,
* back pain, and
* heart palpitations or cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heart beats).
The muscle weakness will create problems such as:
* difficulty getting out of a low seat,
* difficulty lifting objects, and
* difficulty running.
Within 20-30 years, limb-girdle MD can progress to a level of fairly severe disability. However, the variations within this type of condition mean that your rate of progression could be better, or worse, than this.
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Facioscapulohumeral MD can affect both males and females. It tends to affect men slightly more than women, although the reason for this is unclear. The condition usually develops between 10 and 40 years of age and progresses slowly.
Symptoms in your child may include:
* they sleep with their eyes slightly open,
* they cannot squeeze their eyes tightly shut, and/or
* they cannot purse their lips (for example to blow up balloons).
Teenagers or adults may have aches in their shoulders, rounded shoulders, or thin upper arms. As the condition progresses, it usually affects:
* the muscles in your face (facio),
* the muscles in your shoulders (scapula),
* the muscles in your upper arms (humeral), and
* the muscles of your upper back.
In around 50 per cent of people with facioscapulahumeral MD, their leg muscles will also be affected. Between 10-20 per cent of people will require a wheelchair.
Facioscapulahumeral MD can develop unevenly, so that the muscles on one side of your body are affected more than the other. Some people may not even be aware that they have the condition until they reach old age. The slow progression means that it does not usually shorten life expectancy.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
In oculopharyngeal MD, symptoms are not usually apparent until a person is around 50 or 60 years of age. However, the abnormal gene that causes the condition will have been present since birth. It affects the muscles in your eyes (ocular) and your throat (pharyngeal).
Symptoms of oculopharyngeal MD can include:
* ptosis (droopy eyelids),
* dysphagia (difficulty swallowing),
* progressive restriction of eye movement as the eye muscles are affected, and
* limb weakness around the shoulders and hips.
As your eyelids droop, they can cover your eyes and impair your vision. It is also possible to develop diplopia (double vision). This occurs if your eye muscles are affected unevenly and your eyes start to look in slightly different directions.
The dysphagia can eventually make it hard to swallow both solid foods and liquids, and even small amounts of saliva. However, with treatment to manage the symptoms, a person’s life expectancy is not usually altered.
बुधवार, 28 जुलाई 2010
* Definition * Symptoms * Causes
* Definition
* Symptoms
* Causes
* Preparing for your appointment
* Tests and diagnosis
* Treatments and drugs
* Coping and support
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Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff
Signs and symptoms vary according to the type of muscular dystrophy. In general, muscular dystrophy symptoms may include:
* Muscle weakness
* Apparent lack of coordination
* Progressive crippling, resulting in fixations (contractures) of the muscles around your joints and loss of mobility
Specific signs and symptoms vary among the different forms of MD. Each type is different in the age of onset, which parts of the body the symptoms primarily affect and how rapidly the disease progresses.
Dystrophinopathies
These types of muscular dystrophies are due to a genetic defect of the protein dystrophin.
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the most severe form of dystrophinopathy. It occurs mostly in young boys and is the most common form of MD that affects children. Signs and symptoms of Duchenne's MD may include:
* Frequent falls
* Large calf muscles
* Difficulty getting up from a lying or sitting position
* Weakness in lower leg muscles, resulting in difficulty running and jumping
* Waddling gait
* Mild mental retardation, in some cases
Signs and symptoms of Duchenne's usually appear between the ages of 2 and 3. It first affects the muscles of the pelvis, upper arms and upper legs. By late childhood, most children with this form of muscular dystrophy are unable to walk. Most die by their 20s or early 30s, often from pneumonia, respiratory muscle weakness or cardiac complications. Some people with Duchenne's MD may exhibit curvature of their spine (scoliosis).
Becker's muscular dystrophy is a milder form of dystrophinopathy. It generally affects older boys and young men, and progresses more slowly, usually over several decades. Signs and symptoms of Becker's MD are similar to those of Duchenne's. The onset of the signs and symptoms is generally around age 11, but may not occur until the mid-20s or even later. Those affected by Becker's MD usually are able to walk through their teens, and often well into adulthood.
Myotonic dystrophy
Also known as Steinert's disease, this form of muscular dystrophy produces stiffness of muscles and an inability to relax muscles at will (myotonia), as well as the muscle weakness of the other forms of muscular dystrophy.
Although this form of MD can affect children, it often doesn't affect people until adulthood. It can vary greatly in its severity. Muscles may feel stiff after using them. Progression of this form of MD is slow. Besides myotonia, signs and symptoms of adult-onset myotonic dystrophy may include:
* Weakening of voluntary muscles that control your arms and legs, usually beginning with the limb muscles farthest from the torso — the muscles of the feet, hands, lower legs and forearms.
* Weakening of head, neck and face muscles, which may result in the face having a hollow, drooped appearance.
* Weakening of muscles involved in breathing and swallowing. Weaker breathing muscles may result in less oxygen intake and fatigue. Weaker swallowing muscles increase the risk of choking.
* Fainting or dizziness, which may indicate that the disease is interfering with the conduction of electrical signals that keep the heart rate normal.
* Weakening of muscles of hollow internal organs such as those in the digestive tract and the uterus. Depending on which part of the digestive tract is affected, you may experience problems with swallowing as well as constipation and diarrhea. Weakness of the uterine walls may cause problems during childbirth.
* Difficulty sleeping well at night and daytime sleepiness, and inability to concentrate because of the effect of the disease on the brain.
* Frontal balding in men.
* Clouding of the lenses of the eyes (cataracts).
* Mild diabetes.
Rarely, infants have this form of muscular dystrophy, in which case it's called congenital myotonic dystrophy. The infant form is more severe, although infants with myotonic dystrophy don't experience myotonia. Signs in infants may include:
* Severe muscle weakness
* Difficulty sucking and swallowing
* Difficulty breathing
* Cognitive impairment
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Also known as Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy, this form involves progressive muscle weakness involving:
* Face
* Shoulders
* Abdomen
* Feet
* Upper arms
* Pelvic area
* Lower arms
When someone with facioscapulohumeral MD raises his or her arms, the shoulder blades may stick out like wings. Progression of this form is slow, with some spurts of rapidly increasing weakness. Onset usually occurs during the teen to early adult years.
Other major types of muscular dystrophy
The other major types of muscular dystrophy include:
* Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
* Congenital muscular dystrophy
* Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
* Distal muscular dystrophy
* Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
* Myofibrillar myopathies
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
Muscles usually affected first by this form of muscular dystrophy include:
* Hips
* Shoulders
This form then progresses to the arms and legs, though progression is slow. Limb-girdle MD may begin from early childhood to adulthood.
Congenital muscular dystrophy
The term "congenital muscular dystrophy" refers to a group of inherited muscular dystrophies. Signs of these disorders may include:
* General muscle weakness
* Joint deformities
Congenital MD is apparent at birth or becomes evident before age 2. The course of this disorder varies significantly depending on the type. Some forms of congenital MD progress slowly and cause only mild disability, while others progress rapidly and cause severe impairment.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
The first sign of this type of muscular dystrophy is usually drooping of the eyelids, followed by weakness of the muscles of the eye, face and throat, resulting in difficulty swallowing. Progression is slow. Signs and symptoms first appear in adulthood, usually in a person's 40s or 50s.
Distal muscular dystrophy
This group involves the muscles farthest away from the center of the body (distal muscles) — those of the hands, forearms, feet and lower legs. The severity is generally less than for other forms of MD, and this form tends to progress slowly. Distal MD generally begins in adulthood between the ages of 40 and 60.
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
This form of muscular dystrophy usually begins in the muscles of the:
* Shoulders
* Upper arms
* Shins
Cardiac arrhythmias, stiffness of the spine and muscle contractures are other features of Emery-Dreifuss MD. Emery-Dreifuss MD usually begins in the childhood to early teen years and progresses slowly.
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs)
Though in some cases the MFMs affect only the muscles closest to the center of the body (proximal muscles) — such as the shoulder and hip muscles — the distal muscles also are usually involved. This group of muscle disorders also is commonly associated with:
* Stiffness of the spine
* Muscle contractures
* Nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy)
* Thickening and stiffening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
When to see a doctor
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy occurs almost exclusively in boys, although it can occur in girls. Your young child may have difficulty walking, running, rising from the floor or climbing the stairs, or may appear clumsy and fall often. These may be early indications of muscular dystrophy.
A child with MD may learn to walk later than other children do and may exhibit signs of muscle weakness between the ages of 2 and 6. By school age, a child with MD may walk unsteadily and on the toes or balls of the feet. Duchenne's MD usually results in children losing the ability to walk by age 12.
See your doctor if you're concerned about your child's:
* Motor abilities
* Clumsiness
* Muscle strength
* Muscle development
Once muscular dystrophy is diagnosed, medications and physical therapy can help slow its progression.
Because muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders, genetic counseling may be helpful if you're considering having children and to assess the risk of the disease in other family members.
* Symptoms
* Causes
* Preparing for your appointment
* Tests and diagnosis
* Treatments and drugs
* Coping and support
Mayo Clinic Health Manager
Get free personalized health guidance for you and your family.
Get Started
Free
E-Newsletters
Subscribe to receive the latest updates on health topics. About our newsletters
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* Free e-newsletters
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* We do not share your e-mail address
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Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staff
Signs and symptoms vary according to the type of muscular dystrophy. In general, muscular dystrophy symptoms may include:
* Muscle weakness
* Apparent lack of coordination
* Progressive crippling, resulting in fixations (contractures) of the muscles around your joints and loss of mobility
Specific signs and symptoms vary among the different forms of MD. Each type is different in the age of onset, which parts of the body the symptoms primarily affect and how rapidly the disease progresses.
Dystrophinopathies
These types of muscular dystrophies are due to a genetic defect of the protein dystrophin.
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the most severe form of dystrophinopathy. It occurs mostly in young boys and is the most common form of MD that affects children. Signs and symptoms of Duchenne's MD may include:
* Frequent falls
* Large calf muscles
* Difficulty getting up from a lying or sitting position
* Weakness in lower leg muscles, resulting in difficulty running and jumping
* Waddling gait
* Mild mental retardation, in some cases
Signs and symptoms of Duchenne's usually appear between the ages of 2 and 3. It first affects the muscles of the pelvis, upper arms and upper legs. By late childhood, most children with this form of muscular dystrophy are unable to walk. Most die by their 20s or early 30s, often from pneumonia, respiratory muscle weakness or cardiac complications. Some people with Duchenne's MD may exhibit curvature of their spine (scoliosis).
Becker's muscular dystrophy is a milder form of dystrophinopathy. It generally affects older boys and young men, and progresses more slowly, usually over several decades. Signs and symptoms of Becker's MD are similar to those of Duchenne's. The onset of the signs and symptoms is generally around age 11, but may not occur until the mid-20s or even later. Those affected by Becker's MD usually are able to walk through their teens, and often well into adulthood.
Myotonic dystrophy
Also known as Steinert's disease, this form of muscular dystrophy produces stiffness of muscles and an inability to relax muscles at will (myotonia), as well as the muscle weakness of the other forms of muscular dystrophy.
Although this form of MD can affect children, it often doesn't affect people until adulthood. It can vary greatly in its severity. Muscles may feel stiff after using them. Progression of this form of MD is slow. Besides myotonia, signs and symptoms of adult-onset myotonic dystrophy may include:
* Weakening of voluntary muscles that control your arms and legs, usually beginning with the limb muscles farthest from the torso — the muscles of the feet, hands, lower legs and forearms.
* Weakening of head, neck and face muscles, which may result in the face having a hollow, drooped appearance.
* Weakening of muscles involved in breathing and swallowing. Weaker breathing muscles may result in less oxygen intake and fatigue. Weaker swallowing muscles increase the risk of choking.
* Fainting or dizziness, which may indicate that the disease is interfering with the conduction of electrical signals that keep the heart rate normal.
* Weakening of muscles of hollow internal organs such as those in the digestive tract and the uterus. Depending on which part of the digestive tract is affected, you may experience problems with swallowing as well as constipation and diarrhea. Weakness of the uterine walls may cause problems during childbirth.
* Difficulty sleeping well at night and daytime sleepiness, and inability to concentrate because of the effect of the disease on the brain.
* Frontal balding in men.
* Clouding of the lenses of the eyes (cataracts).
* Mild diabetes.
Rarely, infants have this form of muscular dystrophy, in which case it's called congenital myotonic dystrophy. The infant form is more severe, although infants with myotonic dystrophy don't experience myotonia. Signs in infants may include:
* Severe muscle weakness
* Difficulty sucking and swallowing
* Difficulty breathing
* Cognitive impairment
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Also known as Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy, this form involves progressive muscle weakness involving:
* Face
* Shoulders
* Abdomen
* Feet
* Upper arms
* Pelvic area
* Lower arms
When someone with facioscapulohumeral MD raises his or her arms, the shoulder blades may stick out like wings. Progression of this form is slow, with some spurts of rapidly increasing weakness. Onset usually occurs during the teen to early adult years.
Other major types of muscular dystrophy
The other major types of muscular dystrophy include:
* Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
* Congenital muscular dystrophy
* Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
* Distal muscular dystrophy
* Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
* Myofibrillar myopathies
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
Muscles usually affected first by this form of muscular dystrophy include:
* Hips
* Shoulders
This form then progresses to the arms and legs, though progression is slow. Limb-girdle MD may begin from early childhood to adulthood.
Congenital muscular dystrophy
The term "congenital muscular dystrophy" refers to a group of inherited muscular dystrophies. Signs of these disorders may include:
* General muscle weakness
* Joint deformities
Congenital MD is apparent at birth or becomes evident before age 2. The course of this disorder varies significantly depending on the type. Some forms of congenital MD progress slowly and cause only mild disability, while others progress rapidly and cause severe impairment.
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
The first sign of this type of muscular dystrophy is usually drooping of the eyelids, followed by weakness of the muscles of the eye, face and throat, resulting in difficulty swallowing. Progression is slow. Signs and symptoms first appear in adulthood, usually in a person's 40s or 50s.
Distal muscular dystrophy
This group involves the muscles farthest away from the center of the body (distal muscles) — those of the hands, forearms, feet and lower legs. The severity is generally less than for other forms of MD, and this form tends to progress slowly. Distal MD generally begins in adulthood between the ages of 40 and 60.
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
This form of muscular dystrophy usually begins in the muscles of the:
* Shoulders
* Upper arms
* Shins
Cardiac arrhythmias, stiffness of the spine and muscle contractures are other features of Emery-Dreifuss MD. Emery-Dreifuss MD usually begins in the childhood to early teen years and progresses slowly.
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs)
Though in some cases the MFMs affect only the muscles closest to the center of the body (proximal muscles) — such as the shoulder and hip muscles — the distal muscles also are usually involved. This group of muscle disorders also is commonly associated with:
* Stiffness of the spine
* Muscle contractures
* Nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy)
* Thickening and stiffening of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
When to see a doctor
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy occurs almost exclusively in boys, although it can occur in girls. Your young child may have difficulty walking, running, rising from the floor or climbing the stairs, or may appear clumsy and fall often. These may be early indications of muscular dystrophy.
A child with MD may learn to walk later than other children do and may exhibit signs of muscle weakness between the ages of 2 and 6. By school age, a child with MD may walk unsteadily and on the toes or balls of the feet. Duchenne's MD usually results in children losing the ability to walk by age 12.
See your doctor if you're concerned about your child's:
* Motor abilities
* Clumsiness
* Muscle strength
* Muscle development
Once muscular dystrophy is diagnosed, medications and physical therapy can help slow its progression.
Because muscular dystrophies are inherited disorders, genetic counseling may be helpful if you're considering having children and to assess the risk of the disease in other family members.
गुरुवार, 22 जुलाई 2010
pints of neurotherapy
Neurotherapy is an alternative way of healing; it has shown some very good results in case of mentally retarded children. The main philosophy behind this science is that the flow of blood is directed towards particularly weaker organs, thereby rejuvenating the organ over a period of time. Thus, it heals the disease without recourse to medicines.
Science of neurotherapy: - Neurotherapy deals with the whole body/mind system in totality. The therapy uses the by-now well-established knowledge, that our body, like all other living beings in the universe, has the vital energy to cure itself, without any interference from external sources. It does not require chemicals or medicines from outside, because the body heals itself by creating the requisite hormones and chemicals.
The philosophy behind neurotherapy involves activating or deactivating to the organ(s), through pressure or massage on the nerve channels to stimulate or depress the blood, & other body fluids and the nerve currents so as to restoring the balance and harmony of the body thus helping the body regain its equilibrium. The therapy focuses at the cause not at the symptoms of the disease.
We seek to propagate this therapy to serve humanity in better way, because this therapy can cure many diseases without any side effect and improves wholesome personality of the person
The human body contains different organs and gland which have specific functions to do. Each releases certain chemicals and hormones in specified quantity which take care of bodily activities e.g. Mouth secretes saliva which helps in digestion, intestines absorbs the nutrients from digested food etc. When each organs / glands are functioning normally and releasing their secretion properly then equilibrium of the body or health is in balance. If these organs, glands doesn't work properly and their secretions are impaired (either increased or decreased) then it leads to disorder or disease.
In the human body there are clotting factors and anti coagulants. Heparin and Plasmin are the two major anti coagulants which removes the clots in the blood. Plasmin and Heparin are produced in the lungs and liver (85%) and each and every cell (15%). In pulmonary circulation blood goes from heart to lungs for exchange of gases. Blood remains in the lungs for 0.02 sec. and , during that time heparin and plasmin are released from lungs into the blood and removes / clears all the clots of the blood or any other part of body. Same thing happens during the portal circulation also where blood goes to liver for detoxification.
In this science, around 80 points have been developed in our bodies which are pressed in such a way that blood supply is directed towards weaker portions of the body.
No instrument is used during the treatment. Body of patient is pressed with help of hands and feet for fixed time at fixed points. Patients get treatment without any pain.The diagnosis of the patient is done after watching wholesome life pattern and series of events that led to the disease. However the ND does not shy away from modern techniques to diagnose the disease correctly. The diagnosis of the disease is done with the help of modern technique but also, the initial consultation involves taking the total health history of the patient. If necessary, a further series of questions are asked to the patient. A visual analyze is carried out by examining the eyes, color of the tongue, nails, skin, etc.
Once the verbal and visual analyze are completed, further investigation involves abdominal palpation, that’s examining the tender points. Focusing on these tender points the therapist discovers the malfunctioning of any organ(s).
Based on these investigations, a final picture is drawn about the patient's condition in relation to the three biochemical forces; Alkaline-Acid-Gas. And then treatment of neurotherapy starts.
More about Neurotherapy
Although neurotherapy is boon for disabled children yet it has been extremely helpful for many other diseases particularly paralysis, joint pain, arthritis, hormonal imbalances, diabetes. No instrument is used during the treatment. Body of patient is pressed with help of hands and feet for fixed time at fixed points. Patients get treatment without any pain.
Successfully treated diseases
Mentally retarded child, Paralysis, Joint Pain, Chronic constipation, tail bone pain, Depression, Vertigo, Piles, Obesity, Hypothyroid, Insomnia, Anal fistula, Cramps, Diabetes, Cervical spondylitis, Arthritis, Angina pectoris, Menses related problem, Tennis elbow, Swelling, hair falling, Tilt, Allergy, Gastric problem, Motor neuron disease.
Some of the pressure points used in neurotherapy are described below:-
Liver Point
Liver is stimulated with supply of blood to get rid off many diseases such as heart diseases, fever, infection etc. The stimulation of liver is done by applying pressure. Time and frequency of pressure is changed according to the diseases. Like for example by applying pressure once we can increase Hemoglobin levels by doing it four times we can reduce cholesterol levels and by doing it 12 times we can produce cholic acid.
Adrenal Glands Point
Stimulation of Adrenal will help in treating Polio, Pain Joints, Medicines Side effects, inflammation, Auto-immune disease to reduce the effect of poison. It can be source of Glucio-corticoids, minerals and corticoids when stimulated with blood supply. It is often used to cure autoimmune diseases, inflammation and negative effect of diseases.
Kundli Point
Stimulation of Pineal gland help to treat infection Inflammation, to increase Melatonin level in blood, stop pre mature old age. Pineal is activated to produce Melatonin which is used to maintain and prolong youth. Activity of pineal is also important for diseases infections and inflammations.
Neck Less Point
In Neurotherapy, this point help to treat Headache, Tiredness, Migraine. Necklace is extremely important point to treat in different types of headaches like tension, migraine etc. It relaxes muscles and brings calmness to mind and body.
Medulla Point
By stimulation Medulla, We can stimulate Hypothalamus, Cranial nerves III, IV, VI.
By stimulating Vagus 10th , we can stimulate serotonin, Acetylcholine, Dopamine.
Depending upon the frequency of applying pressure at medulla point. Medulla point, if applied six times can be used to stimulate hypothalamus. It also reduces pain by not allowing sensory nerves to go to brain.
If applied 8 times it releases Serotonin, which in turn is useful in treatment of Insomnia.
When applied 20 times it releases dopamine and is given to patients of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
When applied 30 times it releases Prostaglandin.
Pancreas Point
Stimulation of Pancreas help to treat Sugar, Cataract, Tumour Cyst, HBP, Renal diseases, Weakness, Loss of appetite, Eye- diseases, Skin problem cracked heels. Pan point also help for somatostatin, Glycogen, Pancreatic enzymes.
Basic fundamental of neurotherapy is to apply pressure is to stimulate the organ. When pressure is applied to pancreas point 2 times it produces Somatostatin, when given 5 times it stimulates pancreatic enzymes to dilute acidity of stomach. When given 10 times , it reduces triglycerides.
Science of neurotherapy: - Neurotherapy deals with the whole body/mind system in totality. The therapy uses the by-now well-established knowledge, that our body, like all other living beings in the universe, has the vital energy to cure itself, without any interference from external sources. It does not require chemicals or medicines from outside, because the body heals itself by creating the requisite hormones and chemicals.
The philosophy behind neurotherapy involves activating or deactivating to the organ(s), through pressure or massage on the nerve channels to stimulate or depress the blood, & other body fluids and the nerve currents so as to restoring the balance and harmony of the body thus helping the body regain its equilibrium. The therapy focuses at the cause not at the symptoms of the disease.
We seek to propagate this therapy to serve humanity in better way, because this therapy can cure many diseases without any side effect and improves wholesome personality of the person
The human body contains different organs and gland which have specific functions to do. Each releases certain chemicals and hormones in specified quantity which take care of bodily activities e.g. Mouth secretes saliva which helps in digestion, intestines absorbs the nutrients from digested food etc. When each organs / glands are functioning normally and releasing their secretion properly then equilibrium of the body or health is in balance. If these organs, glands doesn't work properly and their secretions are impaired (either increased or decreased) then it leads to disorder or disease.
In the human body there are clotting factors and anti coagulants. Heparin and Plasmin are the two major anti coagulants which removes the clots in the blood. Plasmin and Heparin are produced in the lungs and liver (85%) and each and every cell (15%). In pulmonary circulation blood goes from heart to lungs for exchange of gases. Blood remains in the lungs for 0.02 sec. and , during that time heparin and plasmin are released from lungs into the blood and removes / clears all the clots of the blood or any other part of body. Same thing happens during the portal circulation also where blood goes to liver for detoxification.
In this science, around 80 points have been developed in our bodies which are pressed in such a way that blood supply is directed towards weaker portions of the body.
No instrument is used during the treatment. Body of patient is pressed with help of hands and feet for fixed time at fixed points. Patients get treatment without any pain.The diagnosis of the patient is done after watching wholesome life pattern and series of events that led to the disease. However the ND does not shy away from modern techniques to diagnose the disease correctly. The diagnosis of the disease is done with the help of modern technique but also, the initial consultation involves taking the total health history of the patient. If necessary, a further series of questions are asked to the patient. A visual analyze is carried out by examining the eyes, color of the tongue, nails, skin, etc.
Once the verbal and visual analyze are completed, further investigation involves abdominal palpation, that’s examining the tender points. Focusing on these tender points the therapist discovers the malfunctioning of any organ(s).
Based on these investigations, a final picture is drawn about the patient's condition in relation to the three biochemical forces; Alkaline-Acid-Gas. And then treatment of neurotherapy starts.
More about Neurotherapy
Although neurotherapy is boon for disabled children yet it has been extremely helpful for many other diseases particularly paralysis, joint pain, arthritis, hormonal imbalances, diabetes. No instrument is used during the treatment. Body of patient is pressed with help of hands and feet for fixed time at fixed points. Patients get treatment without any pain.
Successfully treated diseases
Mentally retarded child, Paralysis, Joint Pain, Chronic constipation, tail bone pain, Depression, Vertigo, Piles, Obesity, Hypothyroid, Insomnia, Anal fistula, Cramps, Diabetes, Cervical spondylitis, Arthritis, Angina pectoris, Menses related problem, Tennis elbow, Swelling, hair falling, Tilt, Allergy, Gastric problem, Motor neuron disease.
Some of the pressure points used in neurotherapy are described below:-
Liver Point
Liver is stimulated with supply of blood to get rid off many diseases such as heart diseases, fever, infection etc. The stimulation of liver is done by applying pressure. Time and frequency of pressure is changed according to the diseases. Like for example by applying pressure once we can increase Hemoglobin levels by doing it four times we can reduce cholesterol levels and by doing it 12 times we can produce cholic acid.
Adrenal Glands Point
Stimulation of Adrenal will help in treating Polio, Pain Joints, Medicines Side effects, inflammation, Auto-immune disease to reduce the effect of poison. It can be source of Glucio-corticoids, minerals and corticoids when stimulated with blood supply. It is often used to cure autoimmune diseases, inflammation and negative effect of diseases.
Kundli Point
Stimulation of Pineal gland help to treat infection Inflammation, to increase Melatonin level in blood, stop pre mature old age. Pineal is activated to produce Melatonin which is used to maintain and prolong youth. Activity of pineal is also important for diseases infections and inflammations.
Neck Less Point
In Neurotherapy, this point help to treat Headache, Tiredness, Migraine. Necklace is extremely important point to treat in different types of headaches like tension, migraine etc. It relaxes muscles and brings calmness to mind and body.
Medulla Point
By stimulation Medulla, We can stimulate Hypothalamus, Cranial nerves III, IV, VI.
By stimulating Vagus 10th , we can stimulate serotonin, Acetylcholine, Dopamine.
Depending upon the frequency of applying pressure at medulla point. Medulla point, if applied six times can be used to stimulate hypothalamus. It also reduces pain by not allowing sensory nerves to go to brain.
If applied 8 times it releases Serotonin, which in turn is useful in treatment of Insomnia.
When applied 20 times it releases dopamine and is given to patients of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.
When applied 30 times it releases Prostaglandin.
Pancreas Point
Stimulation of Pancreas help to treat Sugar, Cataract, Tumour Cyst, HBP, Renal diseases, Weakness, Loss of appetite, Eye- diseases, Skin problem cracked heels. Pan point also help for somatostatin, Glycogen, Pancreatic enzymes.
Basic fundamental of neurotherapy is to apply pressure is to stimulate the organ. When pressure is applied to pancreas point 2 times it produces Somatostatin, when given 5 times it stimulates pancreatic enzymes to dilute acidity of stomach. When given 10 times , it reduces triglycerides.
मंगलवार, 20 जुलाई 2010
cp
Neurotherapy is a veritable break-through in the world of healing!
Though the therapy is a panacea for most disorders plaguing mankind, it is highly effective in treating special children - who are mentally and/or physically challenged, bringing about a substantial improvement in the quality of their life.
It has its roots in a very old therapy of ancient India, which has been revamped and revived by the efforts of Dr. Lajpatrai Mehra of Mumbai, India, who is the founder of this unique technique.
The healing effects of Neurotherapy cover a wide spectrum of disorders in both the young and the old alike.
Among children, we have brought substantial improvement in the quality of life in children with congenital problems such as hole in the heart, club foot and also in children with genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome.
However, the uniqueness of this therapy lies in the fact that it has produced quite remarkable results in treating the following disorders, too.
* Cerebral palsy
* Spasticity
* Epilepsy
* Fits
* Mental retardation
* ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
What is the Definition of Cerebral Palsy?
Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring during fetal development, or during infancy. It can also occur before, during or shortly following birth.
"Cerebral" refers to the cerebrum. This is the upper crust of the brain. This is the area concerned with sending signals for voluntary movement of all parts of the body.
"Palsy" or paralysis means a disorder of movement or posture. If someone has cerebral palsy, it means that because of an injury to the cerebrum, they are not able to use some of the muscles in their body in the normal way (palsy). Children with cerebral palsy may not be able to walk, talk, eat or play in the same ways as most other children. However there are cases where children with CP have even excelled in some fields. The most recent example is the case of the young boy in a wheelchair on TV Laughter Channel, who, from the age of six or so became a participant in the channel. Today, inspite of this disability, he has risen from the ranks of a participant to become a formidable anchor of the program.
Cerebral palsy is neither progressive nor communicable. It is also not "curable" in the accepted sense of allopathic medicine, although education, physiotherapy and applied technology can help the stiffening of the muscles. It is important to know that cerebral palsy is not a disease or illness. It isn\'t contagious and it doesn\'t get worse. Children who have cerebral palsy will have to live with it all their lives.
Cerebral palsy is characterized by an inability to fully control motor function, particularly muscle control and coordination. Depending on which areas of the brain have been damaged, one or more of the following may occur:
* muscle tightness or spasm
* involuntary movement
* disturbance in gait and mobility
* abnormal sensation and perception
* impairment of sight, hearing or speech
* Seizures, also known as Fits
Spasticity
Spasticity is a disorder of the body\'s motor system in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. This contraction causes stiffness or tightness of the muscles and may interfere with gait, movement, and speech. The person with the spastic muscles may or may not feel it, know about it or want to do something about it. The human motor system is not always linked with the sensory, systems nor the voluntary-muscle systems.
Spasticity is usually caused by damage to the portion of the brain or spinal cord that controls voluntary movement. It may occur in association with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, brain trauma, severe head injury, some metabolic diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, and phenylketonuria.
Allopathic treatment may include such medications as baclofen, diazepam, dantrolene, or clonazepam; muscle stretching, range of motion exercises, and other physical therapy regimens to help prevent joint contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle) and reduce the severity of symptoms; or surgery for tendon release or to block the connection between nerve and muscle, so that the muscle does not contract. The connection between nerve and muscle may also be blocked temporarily, without surgery, by injecting botulinum toxin into the muscle. Some USA states have also issued marijuana to help treat spasticity. However, baclofen can show severe withdrawl symptoms when taken for along time, it might yield to hallucinations and /or seizures. Similarly, diazepam is habit forming and may lead to drug abuse.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy (sometimes referred to as seizure disorders) are a group of common chronic neurological disorders that are characterized by recurrent unprovoked epileptic seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy at any one time. Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured, with medication, although surgery may be considered in difficult cases. Not all epilepsy syndromes are life long – some forms are confined to particular stages of childhood. Epilepsy should not be understood as a single disorder, but rather as a group of syndromes with vastly divergent symptoms but all involving episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Seizures are temporary abnormal electro-physiologic phenomena of the brain, resulting in abnormal synchronization of electrical neuronal activity. They can manifest as an alteration in mental state, tonic or colonic movements, convulsions, and various other psychic symptoms such as déjà vu etc.. They are caused by a temporary abnormal electrical activity of a group of brain cells. The medical syndrome of recurrent, unprovoked seizures is termed epilepsy, but some seizures may occur in people who do not have epilepsy.
Unprovoked seizures are often associated with epilepsy and related seizure disorders.
Causes of provoked seizures include:
* head injury
* intoxication with drugs
* drug toxicity, for example aminophylline or local anaesthetics
* normal doses of certain drugs that lower the seizure threshold, such as tricyclic antidepressants
* infection, such as encephalitis or meningitis
* fever leading to febrile convulsions (but see above)
* metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycaemia, hyponatremia or hypoxia
* withdrawal from drugs (anticonvulsants and sedatives such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines)
* space-occupying lesions in the brain (abscesses, tumors)
* seizures during (or shortly after) pregnancy can be a sign of eclampsia
Mental retardation
Mental retardation is a controversial term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below.
These children are unable to communicate well. These kids lack control on their phsyical activities such as holding their neck straight and in some cases they are unable to sit. And they can not express their feelings.
According to neurotherapy, most of the problems in children are due to hypoxia. Whichever part of the brain is affected due to hypoxia usually diseases are named according to that affected part. However, neurotherapy does not engage itself with the names of the diseases. It focuses to provide blood, nutrition and oxygen to the affected parts of the brain. As blood reaches there, body starts to respond.
ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), also previously called Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is a behavior disorder that can manifest as hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating, inattention, or a combination. There is a well-known controversy about the frequency of the use of the drug Ritalin for treatment of behavior disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and hyperactivity.
Symptoms:-
Some of the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder include:
* Inattention
* Hyperactivity: Excessive action and lack of control
* Poor attention span
* Easily distracted
* Failure to listen to instructions
* Getting bored easily
Diagnosis basis of neurotherapy: -
in most of the cases, as explained above, the major cause of such diseases is hypoxia. However, we consider following factors too.
* Whether the delivery of the baby was premature or not?
* Did mother suffered from hypertension during pregnancy?
* Did she ever take heavy dosages of medicines for abortion?
* Did mother suffer from viral or mumps during pregnancy?
* Did she suffer from Malaria, typhoid etc?
* Did mother suffered from acute depression during pregnancy?
* Whether there was injury in the hand during delivery?
* Whether uterus dried up before the birth?
* Whether the problem is genetically induced or not?
After the diagnosis, we give the children required treatment. There might be injury in the brain such as in case of paralysis. Modern medical science artificially induces heparin or other drugs which often could not reach the affected portions of the brain because of the presence of blood brain barrier. Thus it may not always give good results in hypoxia and brain-injury related diseases.
But in neurotherapy we are able to produce heparin, plasmin and sodium bicarbonate by stimulating liver, lungs and pancreas, because these secretions are part of the body, the blood brain barrier allows them into brain which in turn opens up these, clots, infarcts and regularizes the circulation / nutrition to the brain cells which in turn gets activated and corresponding areas in body starts getting activated. That is how we are able to cure the above mentioned diseases/abnormalities.
Though the therapy is a panacea for most disorders plaguing mankind, it is highly effective in treating special children - who are mentally and/or physically challenged, bringing about a substantial improvement in the quality of their life.
It has its roots in a very old therapy of ancient India, which has been revamped and revived by the efforts of Dr. Lajpatrai Mehra of Mumbai, India, who is the founder of this unique technique.
The healing effects of Neurotherapy cover a wide spectrum of disorders in both the young and the old alike.
Among children, we have brought substantial improvement in the quality of life in children with congenital problems such as hole in the heart, club foot and also in children with genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome.
However, the uniqueness of this therapy lies in the fact that it has produced quite remarkable results in treating the following disorders, too.
* Cerebral palsy
* Spasticity
* Epilepsy
* Fits
* Mental retardation
* ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
What is the Definition of Cerebral Palsy?
Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movements and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to one or more specific areas of the brain, usually occurring during fetal development, or during infancy. It can also occur before, during or shortly following birth.
"Cerebral" refers to the cerebrum. This is the upper crust of the brain. This is the area concerned with sending signals for voluntary movement of all parts of the body.
"Palsy" or paralysis means a disorder of movement or posture. If someone has cerebral palsy, it means that because of an injury to the cerebrum, they are not able to use some of the muscles in their body in the normal way (palsy). Children with cerebral palsy may not be able to walk, talk, eat or play in the same ways as most other children. However there are cases where children with CP have even excelled in some fields. The most recent example is the case of the young boy in a wheelchair on TV Laughter Channel, who, from the age of six or so became a participant in the channel. Today, inspite of this disability, he has risen from the ranks of a participant to become a formidable anchor of the program.
Cerebral palsy is neither progressive nor communicable. It is also not "curable" in the accepted sense of allopathic medicine, although education, physiotherapy and applied technology can help the stiffening of the muscles. It is important to know that cerebral palsy is not a disease or illness. It isn\'t contagious and it doesn\'t get worse. Children who have cerebral palsy will have to live with it all their lives.
Cerebral palsy is characterized by an inability to fully control motor function, particularly muscle control and coordination. Depending on which areas of the brain have been damaged, one or more of the following may occur:
* muscle tightness or spasm
* involuntary movement
* disturbance in gait and mobility
* abnormal sensation and perception
* impairment of sight, hearing or speech
* Seizures, also known as Fits
Spasticity
Spasticity is a disorder of the body\'s motor system in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. This contraction causes stiffness or tightness of the muscles and may interfere with gait, movement, and speech. The person with the spastic muscles may or may not feel it, know about it or want to do something about it. The human motor system is not always linked with the sensory, systems nor the voluntary-muscle systems.
Spasticity is usually caused by damage to the portion of the brain or spinal cord that controls voluntary movement. It may occur in association with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, brain trauma, severe head injury, some metabolic diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, and phenylketonuria.
Allopathic treatment may include such medications as baclofen, diazepam, dantrolene, or clonazepam; muscle stretching, range of motion exercises, and other physical therapy regimens to help prevent joint contractures (shrinkage or shortening of a muscle) and reduce the severity of symptoms; or surgery for tendon release or to block the connection between nerve and muscle, so that the muscle does not contract. The connection between nerve and muscle may also be blocked temporarily, without surgery, by injecting botulinum toxin into the muscle. Some USA states have also issued marijuana to help treat spasticity. However, baclofen can show severe withdrawl symptoms when taken for along time, it might yield to hallucinations and /or seizures. Similarly, diazepam is habit forming and may lead to drug abuse.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy (sometimes referred to as seizure disorders) are a group of common chronic neurological disorders that are characterized by recurrent unprovoked epileptic seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy at any one time. Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured, with medication, although surgery may be considered in difficult cases. Not all epilepsy syndromes are life long – some forms are confined to particular stages of childhood. Epilepsy should not be understood as a single disorder, but rather as a group of syndromes with vastly divergent symptoms but all involving episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain
Seizures are temporary abnormal electro-physiologic phenomena of the brain, resulting in abnormal synchronization of electrical neuronal activity. They can manifest as an alteration in mental state, tonic or colonic movements, convulsions, and various other psychic symptoms such as déjà vu etc.. They are caused by a temporary abnormal electrical activity of a group of brain cells. The medical syndrome of recurrent, unprovoked seizures is termed epilepsy, but some seizures may occur in people who do not have epilepsy.
Unprovoked seizures are often associated with epilepsy and related seizure disorders.
Causes of provoked seizures include:
* head injury
* intoxication with drugs
* drug toxicity, for example aminophylline or local anaesthetics
* normal doses of certain drugs that lower the seizure threshold, such as tricyclic antidepressants
* infection, such as encephalitis or meningitis
* fever leading to febrile convulsions (but see above)
* metabolic disturbances, such as hypoglycaemia, hyponatremia or hypoxia
* withdrawal from drugs (anticonvulsants and sedatives such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines)
* space-occupying lesions in the brain (abscesses, tumors)
* seizures during (or shortly after) pregnancy can be a sign of eclampsia
Mental retardation
Mental retardation is a controversial term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or below.
These children are unable to communicate well. These kids lack control on their phsyical activities such as holding their neck straight and in some cases they are unable to sit. And they can not express their feelings.
According to neurotherapy, most of the problems in children are due to hypoxia. Whichever part of the brain is affected due to hypoxia usually diseases are named according to that affected part. However, neurotherapy does not engage itself with the names of the diseases. It focuses to provide blood, nutrition and oxygen to the affected parts of the brain. As blood reaches there, body starts to respond.
ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), also previously called Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is a behavior disorder that can manifest as hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating, inattention, or a combination. There is a well-known controversy about the frequency of the use of the drug Ritalin for treatment of behavior disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and hyperactivity.
Symptoms:-
Some of the symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder include:
* Inattention
* Hyperactivity: Excessive action and lack of control
* Poor attention span
* Easily distracted
* Failure to listen to instructions
* Getting bored easily
Diagnosis basis of neurotherapy: -
in most of the cases, as explained above, the major cause of such diseases is hypoxia. However, we consider following factors too.
* Whether the delivery of the baby was premature or not?
* Did mother suffered from hypertension during pregnancy?
* Did she ever take heavy dosages of medicines for abortion?
* Did mother suffer from viral or mumps during pregnancy?
* Did she suffer from Malaria, typhoid etc?
* Did mother suffered from acute depression during pregnancy?
* Whether there was injury in the hand during delivery?
* Whether uterus dried up before the birth?
* Whether the problem is genetically induced or not?
After the diagnosis, we give the children required treatment. There might be injury in the brain such as in case of paralysis. Modern medical science artificially induces heparin or other drugs which often could not reach the affected portions of the brain because of the presence of blood brain barrier. Thus it may not always give good results in hypoxia and brain-injury related diseases.
But in neurotherapy we are able to produce heparin, plasmin and sodium bicarbonate by stimulating liver, lungs and pancreas, because these secretions are part of the body, the blood brain barrier allows them into brain which in turn opens up these, clots, infarcts and regularizes the circulation / nutrition to the brain cells which in turn gets activated and corresponding areas in body starts getting activated. That is how we are able to cure the above mentioned diseases/abnormalities.
शुक्रवार, 2 जुलाई 2010
Frequently Asked Questions On Epilepsy
DEFINITION:
- What is the difference between “Fits” and “Epilepsy”?
- Does a person who gets only a single fit have epilepsy?
- What are the different types of epilepsy?
- What are the common causes of epilepsy?
- What are the main features of different seizure types?
- What are Febrile convulsions?
- How common are Febrile convulsions?
- What is the outcome of children with febrile convulsion?
- Can new-born babies have seizures?
- What is the relation of mental retardation and epilepsy?
- Can mental stress cause epilepsy?
- How common is epilepsy after head trauma?
- Does excitement predispose to fits?
- Can some people bring on their fits?
TREATMENT:
- To what extent can drug treatment help in patients with epilepsy?
- How long the treatment should be continued?
- What are the main principles of drug treatment for epilepsy?
- Why is it important to take anti-epileptic drugs regularly?
- What is the effect of anti-epileptic drugs on behaviour?
- Can epilepsy be cured?
- What is the risk of seizure recurrence after stopping anti-epileptic treatment?
- Should the anti-epileptic drug be discontinued during any other intercurrent illness?
- What should be done if the patient forgets to take a dose of anti-epileptic drugs?
- Can a person with epilepsy and on treatment with anti-epileptic drugs take alcoholic drinks?
- What should be done if some one gets an epileptic fit on the road side or any where else?
- How frequently should a person with epilepsy visit the treating doctor?
- What is the effect of fits on the memory?
- Can seizures cause brain damage?
- What is the role of different investigations like EEG, CT scan, and MRI scan in the diagnosis of epilepsy?
- Blood levels of anti-epileptic drugs are frequently prescribed by doctors. What is the role of getting blood levels done?
What is the prognosis of epilepsy?
It must be pointed out that MOST patients who develop seizures DO NOT BECOME EPILEPTICS. The usual prevalence rate of chronic epilepsy in the population is about 5 per 1000. On the other hand it has been estimated that up to 5% of the general population can experience non-febrile seizures at some point in their lives. So, almost one-tenth of all people who experience a single non-febrile seizure may go on to develop chronic epilepsy later on in life. The worldwide experience is that with early and proper treatment, almost 70% persons with epilepsy will achieve complete or near complete seizure control and almost 50% of these will be able to stop their treatment. In newly diagnosed persons with epilepsy, the future outcome is excellent if fits are adequately controlled with anti-epileptic drugs early in the course of treatment. If seizures are not controlled adequately or it takes a longer time to control fits, the prognosis is not that good. It must be remembered that early and effective treatment of epilepsy improves the long-term outlook for such persons. The prognosis of chronic epilepsy is somewhat different. It has been estimated that almost 20-25% of newly diagnosed epilepsy patients will develop chronic epilepsy. These people do have some problems due to their epilepsy but most of them also are entirely normal between seizures.
Q: Are their any voluntary bodies or associations for the help of persons with epilepsy in India?
A: There are two recognized organizations at the national and international level that look into various aspects of epilepsy. The Indian Epilepsy Association (IEA) looks after the non-medical and social aspects of epilepsy while the Indian Epilepsy Society (IES) is responsible for the medical aspects. At the international level, the corresponding bodies are the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) and the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE). Additionally, there are many self help groups in large cities that are mainly managed by persons with epilepsy and their caregivers.
Q: What is the future outlook for person with epilepsy?
A: We all must remember that people with epilepsy are an integral part of our society and must be encouraged to lead a normal life. The society must realize that we should treat epileptics as we treat anyone with some other disease. Those who have epilepsy must consider it as a part of their lives and learn to live with it. Then only shall a person with epilepsy be able to earn his own livelihood and contribute his/her share to the society. If we continue to discriminate and stigmatize the epileptics, we shall have to support them. All those concerned with health administration, must think and plan about these and other aspects of epilepsy and the people with epilepsy in India. In the last few decades there have been significant advances in the health care facilities available to persons with epilepsy. At present a large number of fairly effective new anti-epileptic drugs are available. The surgical techniques for epilepsy surgery have significantly improved and are now being offered at a few centres in our country to all those patients who may be suitable candidates. The concept of ‘Epilepsy Centres’ that can provide comprehensive epilepsy care is fast catching up even in developing countries like India. We need many such “Epilepsy Centres” that can provide the best possible care to all sections of our society within our limited resources. There are costs for doing such things, but the costs for not doing them are perhaps higher!!!
The recent revolution in molecular biology, and in particular, the Human Genome Project, offers unparalleled opportunities for identifying the genetic causes of human epilepsy. The genes for some of the human epileptic syndromes have already been identified. It is expected that such efforts in epilepsy are likely to transform our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the genesis of seizures and human epilepsies in the not-too-distant future. The better understanding of the genesis of seizures is expected to result in the development of new and more effective anti-epileptic drugs. In addition, new pharmacology based on “gene therapy” is expected to open up new frontiers that will result in the better control of different seizures types. On the whole, the future of persons with epilepsy is definitely bright and those affected can certainly look forward to a much better quality of life.
: Are persons with epilepsy employable?
Most often it is difficult for epileptic persons to find suitable employment after disclosing their epilepsy. On one hand, a person whose seizures are completely controlled without any disabilities should be considered on equal terms as anyone else for most of the jobs. On the other hand, someone who has poorly controlled seizures with some handicaps will not be able to find any job in the public or private sector.
As with other activities, the decision about job suitability should also be individualized keeping in mind the type and frequency of seizures and the associated handicaps. However, some jobs are not recommended for persons with epilepsy. These include defence services, fire services, working with unguarded machinery, working at heights, driving a motorized vehicle, railway engine driver etc. Persons with epilepsy whose seizures are well controlled should be acceptable for most of the other jobs. In case a person develops epilepsy while in service, than the employer should help finding a suitable alternate job for that person.
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